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Astrobiology

Mars Exploration Enceladus Habitability Extraterrestrial Life Europa Titan Mars Venus Life in the Universe Origins of Celestial Bodies

Curiosity Finds More Than 20 Organic Molecules in Ancient Martian Clays

Scientists say only returned samples can show whether the organics came from life or nonliving chemistry.

Perseverance Radar Reveals Buried Ancient River Delta Beneath Jezero Crater

Study Links Titan’s Moon‑Merger Origin to Saturn’s Young Rings

New Analyses Challenge Purely Nonbiological Origins for Mars Organics

Reanalysis of Galileo Data Finds Ammonia on Europa Near Surface Fractures

New Model Shows Salty Europa Ice Could Sink, Ferrying Nutrients to Its Hidden Ocean

Study Finds Europa’s Seafloor Likely Inactive, Undercutting Hopes for Present-Day Life

New Study Recasts Titan’s Interior, Challenging Idea of a Global Ocean

Titan May Lack a Global Ocean, Cassini Reanalysis Points to a Slushy Interior With Isolated Water Pockets

Peer-Reviewed Study Links Europa’s ‘Spider’ to Brine Eruptions Like Earth’s Lake Stars

Study Finds Subsurface Oceans Could Boil Inside Small Icy Moons

Cassini Reanalysis Finds North-Polar Heat on Enceladus, Closing the Moon’s Energy Budget

Cassini Reanalysis Finds Heat Escaping From Both Poles of Enceladus, Strengthening Case for a Long‑Lived Ocean

Study Finds Enceladus’ Heat Loss Matches Tidal Input, Indicating a Long-Lived Ocean

Study Reveals Polar Heat Loss Across Enceladus, Supporting a Long‑Lived Subsurface Ocean

Titan Study Shows Hydrogen Cyanide Mixing With Methane and Ethane in Stable Co-Crystals

Cassini Reanalysis Finds Complex Organics From Enceladus’s Ocean in Fresh Plume Grains

Cassini Reanalysis Finds Complex Organics in Fresh Enceladus Plume Grains

Cassini Reanalysis Finds New Organics in Enceladus Plume, Boosting Habitability Case

Cassini Reanalysis Finds Complex Organics in Fresh Enceladus Plume Grains