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World’s Oldest Pachycephalosaur Identified From Nearly Complete Fossil in Mongolia

The 110‑million‑year‑old skeleton shifts the timeline for the group’s signature domed skull by at least 14 million years.

Overview

  • An international team including Okayama University of Science reported the find in Nature on September 17.
  • The fossil, uncovered in 2019 in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert, comes from Lower Cretaceous strata and preserves a rare near-complete skeleton.
  • Researchers designated the specimen a new species, naming it Zavacephale rinpoche.
  • The animal is estimated at about 1 meter in length and roughly 6 kilograms, and the individual is assessed as young.
  • The skull shows a fully developed dome typical of the group, providing an early data point for cranial evolution and hinting that head-butting may have started in juvenile stages.