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Webb Reveals Carbon-Heavy, Helium-Rich ‘Lemon’ World Orbiting a Pulsar

An unusually clean infrared spectrum points to exotic chemistry with a possible stellar‑remnant origin.

Overview

  • Using JWST, researchers captured a phase-resolved infrared spectrum of PSR J2322-2650b that is largely uncontaminated by its pulsar host.
  • The Jupiter-sized object circles its neutron star roughly every eight hours at about 1.6 million kilometers, exposing it to extreme tidal forces.
  • The planet is markedly deformed, with an equatorial diameter about 38% greater than its pole-to-pole measurement.
  • Spectral data show an atmosphere dominated by helium and molecular carbon, consistent with soot- or graphite-like aerosols.
  • The team favors a black-widow–style stellar-remnant origin but says the formation and long-term stability remain open questions requiring follow-up observations and comparison systems.