Overview
- Iran held about 441 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60% as of June 2025, and the IAEA says inspectors have since lost routine access, with Rafael Grossi indicating the material is mainly at Isfahan in buried facilities.
- Some stock is also believed to remain at Natanz and Fordow, while entrances at Isfahan were sealed in February, deepening uncertainty about the material’s exact location and condition.
- President Trump’s claims of a two-to-four week breakout and of having obliterated Iran’s enrichment are disputed by nuclear specialists, who note further enrichment and complex weaponization steps would still be required.
- Military planners and experts describe a raid to seize or destroy the stockpile as technically possible yet daunting, likely requiring a battalion-sized force, sustained air cover, secure lift to or from the Isfahan area, and specialized nuclear-handling teams.
- UF6 cylinders pose severe hazards if breached or mishandled, and with the safeguards chain broken, experts outline two main paths: a high-risk operation to remove or neutralize the material or negotiations to restore IAEA access and downblend it under supervision.