Overview
- The memorandum was signed and its text released by the U.S. presidency on Thursday, with President Trump signing a paper copy at Versailles and Iran confirming a signed copy by President Masoud Pezeshkian.
- Pakistan says the Islamabad memorandum is in force immediately and that Iran will reopen the Strait of Hormuz while Pakistan and Qatar plan a formal signing ceremony in Switzerland that Tehran has questioned.
- The text commits to lifting sanctions in stages and creating a reconstruction fund of at least $300 billion but leaves the future of Iran’s nuclear program, missile limits and proxy activity imprecisely defined.
- The agreement has provoked sharp domestic pushback in the United States from conservative commentators and some Republicans and prompted Democratic lawmakers to demand briefings from Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
- A 60‑day negotiating window now begins to turn the memorandum into a binding accord with independent monitoring, UN Security Council steps and on‑the‑ground guarantees as key unresolved items to watch.