Overview
- As of January 2026, Ukrainian intelligence says North Korean units are based in Russia’s Kursk Oblast and fire across into Ukraine’s border oblasts, including Sumy.
- The troops operate barrel and rocket artillery, conduct aerial and artillery reconnaissance, and adjust multiple-launch rocket strikes under Russian command.
- Ukrainian officials report regular rotations arranged by Moscow and Pyongyang, with about 3,000 personnel returned to North Korea to pass on skills as instructors.
- HUR estimates Pyongyang sent roughly 11,000–12,000 soldiers to Russia in late 2024 to bolster operations around Kursk.
- Officials say a central goal is mastering unmanned systems and high-intensity warfare, with Moscow and Kim Jong Un publicly acknowledging North Korea’s role.