Overview
- Chief Justice John Roberts issued a 21-page opinion that assembled only a partial coalition to invalidate the duties.
- The court’s three liberal justices joined the judgment but characterized the dispute as a straightforward ultra vires action rather than a major-questions case.
- Justice Neil Gorsuch concurred in a 46-page opinion criticizing colleagues for applying precedent differently to presidential power in Trump- and Biden-era cases.
- Justice Brett Kavanaugh filed a 61-page dissent contending that IEEPA authorized the tariffs and that foreign-affairs considerations limit use of the major questions doctrine.
- Legal scholars pointed to unusual public bickering among the justices and said the splintered reasoning leaves uncertainty about how the doctrine will be applied in future cases.