Overview
- The five biggest producers—Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia, Indonesia—saw an average of 57 additional days above a harmful heat threshold, with Brazil near 70 extra days per year.
- Across 25 nations that supply about 97% of global coffee, the average increase reached 47 extra hot days annually.
- Climate Central analyzed temperatures from 2021 to 2025 and compared them with a no‑anthropogenic‑CO2 scenario to quantify the human contribution.
- The study sets 30°C as the point at which coffee experiences heat stress, lowering yields and bean quality and raising vulnerability to disease, which has contributed to higher consumer prices.
- Smallholder growers face the greatest exposure yet received only 0.36% of estimated adaptation funding in 2021, with practices such as shade‑grown coffee cited as practical protections.