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Study Confirms DART Made First Measured Change to an Asteroid System’s Solar Orbit

A peer-reviewed analysis used precision star-occultation timing to detect a tiny, ejecta-boosted slowdown that informs future planetary-defense planning.

Overview

  • Published in Science Advances, the study finds the DidymosDimorphos system slowed by about 11.7 micrometers per second, shortening its solar-orbit period by roughly 0.15 seconds.
  • Researchers combined 22 stellar occultations recorded from October 2022 to March 2025 with nearly 6,000 ground-based astrometric measurements, plus DART navigation and radar data.
  • Escaping debris roughly doubled the net momentum transfer (beta ≈ 2), indicating ejecta provided a push comparable to the spacecraft’s direct impact.
  • The analysis constrains bulk densities to about 2.6 t/m³ for Didymos and 1.51 t/m³ for Dimorphos, supporting a porous rubble-pile structure for the smaller body; DART had earlier shortened Dimorphos’s local orbit by about 32–33 minutes.
  • The system has never posed an Earth impact risk, the measured change is tiny but accumulative over time, and ESA’s Hera mission is expected to provide in-situ verification and refined properties when it arrives late in 2026.