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‘Spiny Dragon’ Dinosaur Yields Cellular-Level Skin With Never-Before-Seen Cornified Spikes

Researchers interpret the spikes as defensive features, underscoring surprising complexity in ornithischian skin.

Overview

  • Peer-reviewed findings in Nature Ecology & Evolution describe Haolong dongi from northeastern China’s Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation.
  • The nearly complete juvenile preserves skin down to cellular structures, with scales and cornified spikes validated by imaging and histology.
  • Integument includes large overlapping scales along the tail plus small tuberculate body scales interspersed with spikes of varying sizes.
  • The longest documented spike measures 44.2 millimetres, and the uniform hollow, cylindrical form differs from protofeathers and reptile spines.
  • Authors place the species near the base of the hadrosauroid lineage and hypothesize predator deterrence as the primary spike function, with possible thermoregulatory or sensory roles; the name honors Dong Zhiming.