Overview
- A mercantile judge in Córdoba issued precautionary orders on January 2 and 7 requiring two major VPN providers to render specified pirate domains and IPs unreachable to users located in Spain.
- Press reports identify the targeted services as NordVPN and Proton VPN, and both companies say they have not received formal notification of any proceedings.
- The measures were granted inaudita parte and allow LaLiga and Telefónica to submit additional IP addresses for immediate blocking without a new judicial resolution.
- The court treats VPNs as intermediaries under the European Digital Services framework and asserts jurisdiction based on effects in Spain over firms based in the Netherlands and Switzerland.
- The move builds on earlier ISP and CDN blocks criticized for collateral disruption and has intensified questions about privacy, due process and technical enforceability.