Overview
- INE’s provisional figures show a net gain of 81,520 residents in Q4 2025 and 442,428 over the year to 1 January 2026.
- Residents with foreign nationality total about 7.24 million, fewer than the foreign-born due to widespread naturalisation.
- Recent inflows were led by Colombia (36,600 arrivals in Q4), Venezuela (27,000) and Morocco (22,000), while the Spanish-born population decreased.
- Population rose across all regions except the Balearic Islands; Ceuta increased and Melilla declined, with the largest quarterly gains in Valencia, Castilla-La Mancha and Madrid.
- Households numbered 19,746,638 on 1 January 2026, up by 46,332 in Q4, as Madrid’s census grew to 7.17 million over the year.