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SDA Restarts Tranche 1 Launches and Reaches Half of Transport Constellation

The relaunch advances deployment but the satellites still lack an operational optical mesh and must secure spectrum and FAA approvals before full integration with legacy forces.

Overview

  • A SpaceX Falcon 9 placed 21 York-built Transport Layer satellites into polar orbit on July 16, 2026, bringing SDA’s Tranche 1 total to 63 of the planned 126 spacecraft.
  • SDA paused launches earlier this year after finding software faults, thermal-modeling problems and electric-propulsion orbit-raising issues on the first 42 satellites and has applied fixes and extra checkouts before resuming flights.
  • The program’s key capability — optical inter-satellite laser links that would form a low-latency mesh — has not yet been demonstrated in orbit and SDA plans to activate links within planes first before attempting between-plane connections.
  • SDA has shifted from a near-monthly launch rhythm to a readiness-based model that launches manufacturers’ satellites when they finish checkout, and the agency still needs FAA and spectrum approvals to test Link 16 over the continental United States.
  • The Transport Layer is meant to be the low-cost, resilient backbone for missile warning and rapid sensor-to-shooter data under the Pentagon’s Golden Dome concept, and the next launches and mesh commissioning will determine whether the network meets its 2027 capability goals.