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Scientists Describe Twisted-Jawed 'Living Fossil' Tetrapod From Permian Brazil

A Proceedings B study based on nine Brazilian jawbones points to a grinding diet, with the rest of the skeleton still unknown.

Overview

  • Tanyka amnicola is formally named as an archaic stem tetrapod dating to about 275 million years ago in a peer-reviewed paper.
  • Researchers identified the species from nine roughly 15-centimeter lower jaws recovered from a dry riverbed in northeastern Brazil’s Pedra de Fogo Formation.
  • The lower jaws are consistently twisted so the teeth point outward, and the inner surface is rotated upward and carpeted with denticles that form a grinding surface.
  • The anatomy suggests a relatively unusual feeding mode, with authors inferring consumption of small invertebrates or possibly some plant material, unlike most carnivorous stem tetrapods.
  • Only isolated jaws are known, so reconstructions of body shape and size (estimated up to about 3 feet) remain provisional, though sediments indicate a freshwater lake or river habitat in Gondwana.