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Ryugu Samples Confirm All Five DNA/RNA Bases, Reveal Ammonia Link

The peer-reviewed analysis suggests environmental chemistry shaped which nucleobases formed on early asteroids.

Overview

  • Japanese researchers report in Nature Astronomy the detection of adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil in pristine material returned by JAXA’s Hayabusa2 mission.
  • Comparisons with Bennu and meteorites show differing purine–pyrimidine balances, with a newly identified correlation between those ratios and ammonia concentrations.
  • The study strengthens the case that carbonaceous asteroids supplied prebiotic organic molecules to early Earth without indicating life existed on Ryugu.
  • Two carefully curated Ryugu samples totaling 5.4 grams were collected in space and analyzed under ultra-clean procedures to guard against terrestrial contamination.
  • The findings corroborate 2025 results from NASA’s Bennu samples that also contained all five nucleobases, expanding evidence for widespread prebiotic chemistry in the Solar System.