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Rapid Flower Evolution, Not Size, Drives Cactus Diversification

A new analysis of more than 750 species reports that speciation follows the pace of floral change, challenging pollinator specialisation as the leading explanation.

Overview

  • University of Reading researchers report in Biology Letters (March 18) that faster shifts in cactus flower morphology predict higher speciation rates.
  • Measurements of flower length across more than 750 species, ranging from 2 mm to 37 cm, showed little link between absolute size and diversification.
  • The association between rapid floral change and speciation holds across both recent and deep evolutionary timescales, regardless of pollinator type.
  • The study draws on the open-access CactEcoDB, published this month in Nature Scientific Data after seven years assembling trait, habitat and phylogenetic data.
  • With nearly one-third of cacti threatened, the authors urge conservation plans to factor in evolutionary pace, highlighting deserts as dynamic evolutionary arenas.