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Pupil-Sized ‘Retina E‑Paper’ Reaches Human-Limit Resolution at Over 25,000 ppi

The Nature study details a passive reflective microdisplay using electrically tunable tungsten oxide metapixels.

Overview

  • Researchers in Sweden built a proof‑of‑concept display with approximately 560‑nanometre pixels that exceeds 25,000 pixels per inch.
  • Tungsten oxide nanoparticles control color through their size and arrangement, and a low voltage can switch the pixels to black.
  • The screen renders images by reflecting ambient light rather than emitting its own, supporting energy‑efficient operation near the eye.
  • A 1.4 × 1.9 mm demonstration reproduced Gustav Klimt’s The Kiss with fine detail on a pupil‑sized surface.
  • The team cites potential uses in VR and AR microdisplays and acknowledges substantial engineering work remains for scaling and integration.