Overview
- The framework combines gauged B–L symmetry with a global Peccei–Quinn symmetry, yielding flux-tube strings and superfluid vortices that lock into long-lived knot solitons.
- These objects behave like matter as the Universe expands, briefly dominating the energy density before decaying through quantum tunneling.
- Collapse produces heavy right-handed neutrinos whose out-of-equilibrium decays generate a small excess of matter over antimatter.
- Model calculations point to reheating near 100 GeV, a scale that enables electroweak processes to convert a lepton asymmetry into baryons.
- The authors predict a shifted, higher-frequency gravitational-wave background that future observatories such as LISA, Cosmic Explorer and DECIGO could test, while stressing the idea remains theoretical and needs further simulations.