Overview
- INEI released the Censos Nacionales 2025 dataset between July 10 and July 12, 2026, reporting an estimated national population of about 34.2 million and 32.7 million people effectively enumerated.
- The data confirm an advanced demographic transition with slower population growth, a rising share of older adults and 80.6% of people living in urban areas, including roughly 9.6 million in Lima Metropolitana.
- Internal migration fell from about 1.433 million in 2020 to 1.227 million in 2025, signaling reduced territorial mobility that affects labor markets and local service demand.
- Census questions on self‑identification show 61.8% identify as mestizo and 26.8% (8.76 million) identify as indigenous or Afroperuvian, while 5.1 million people reported speaking at least one indigenous language, data that ministries say will inform culturally and linguistically targeted programs.
- The count maps 13,762,606 private dwellings and service coverage gaps—electricity 91.4%, piped water 71.1%, internet 67.8%—which officials and international partners say will guide metropolitan governance, infrastructure investment and social protection for aging and underserved communities.