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Penn State's 4D-Printed 'Smart Skin' Hides Data and Morphs on Cue

A Nature Communications study showcases halftone encoding that programs a hydrogel to change on specific triggers.

Overview

  • The method translates images or textures into binary dot fields printed into a single hydrogel film, directing regional swelling, softening and deformation.
  • In lab tests, an encoded Mona Lisa disappeared after an ethanol wash and reappeared in ice water or during gradual heating.
  • Hidden patterns were also recoverable through gentle stretching analyzed with digital image correlation, enabling a mechanical decryption mode.
  • Co-designed films revealed images as flat sheets morphed into dome-like 3D shapes, coordinating appearance with shape change.
  • The study appears in Nature Communications and points to future platforms for adaptive camouflage, encryption, soft robotics and biomedical devices.