Overview
- Adopted on December 12, 2015 by 195 states, the pact created legal duties to submit national climate plans and report progress in five‑year cycles.
- Low‑emission investment now roughly doubles spending on fossil fuels, global EV sales approach one in five, and installed solar capacity far exceeds 2015 expectations.
- Global emissions have not fallen overall as declines in Europe and North America are offset by growth in major emerging economies such as China and India.
- Post‑Paris policies slowed the rise in emissions versus pre‑2015 projections, shifting estimated end‑century warming from about 4 °C to just under 3 °C.
- Recent reviews, including the Belém summit, failed to secure a collective fossil‑fuel phase‑out, underscoring political resistance and calls for stronger action and finance.