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Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 Honors Clarke, Devoret and Martinis for Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling

The award highlights superconducting-circuit experiments that brought quantum behavior into device-scale reality.

Overview

  • The Royal Swedish Academy cited their discovery of macroscopic quantum tunneling and discrete energy levels in an electrical circuit.
  • The experiments used a superconducting circuit separated by an ultra-thin insulator and operated at temperatures near absolute zero.
  • Researchers observed the circuit’s charge carriers behaving as a single “giant particle” that tunneled through an energy barrier, with energy exchanged in quantized steps.
  • The effects were demonstrated on a roughly centimeter-scale chip, extending quantum phenomena to a device large enough to handle.
  • Commentaries link the work to advances in quantum computing, ultra-precise sensing and quantum cryptography, while noting the key experiments date back to the 1980s.