Overview
- Average investment of roughly $500 billion a year is needed through 2070, far above the about $135 billion deployed in 2024 for climate-related spending.
- The power sector accounts for about $14.23 trillion of the total, targeting roughly 98% non‑fossil generation with massive battery and pumped‑hydro storage and a larger nuclear role.
- NITI Aayog projects mobilisable flows of around $16.2 trillion and proposes a National Green Finance Institution, with international sources rising to about 42% of capital needs by 2070.
- About $8 trillion must be front‑loaded by 2050, including nearly $5 trillion in power, reflecting the capital‑intensive nature of early decarbonisation.
- Electricity’s share of final energy is modeled to reach nearly 60% by 2070, as new sectoral reports on power, transport, industry and critical minerals flag current grid and variability constraints that slow renewable generation growth.