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MIT and EPFL Build Bird‑Inspired Robot That Swims, Breaches and Flies With One Set of Wings

The peer‑reviewed prototype crosses the water‑air boundary using flexible flapping wings and neutral buoyancy and signals a low‑cost path toward amphibious environmental sensors.

Overview

  • This week the teams published a Science paper and showed lab and Lake Geneva tests of the Flapping‑Wing Aerial‑Aquatic Vehicle, a roughly 250–300 g robot that swims, breaks the surface, and continues flying with the same two flexible wings.
  • The robot uses neutral buoyancy, a steerable tail, and passively compliant wings that bend up to about 90% underwater to cut motor load and allow different flapping rates in water and air.
  • Researchers found a narrow ‘sweet spot’ of design and motion—about an 80 cm wingspan, flapping near 5 Hz for cruising, and a roughly 70° pitch to exit the water—that produced reliable swim‑to‑flight transitions in calm conditions.
  • The system is not yet autonomous and still needs work on steering, salt‑water and rough‑sea performance, corrosion resistance, and longer endurance before it can be used operationally for oceanography.
  • The team released open CAD files and estimates materials cost at roughly US$300, positioning the platform as an accessible physical model for studying diving birds and as a low‑cost tool for future environmental monitoring.