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Knesset Restores Rabbinical Courts’ Power to Arbitrate Civil Disputes

The change puts voluntary religious arbitration in tension with equal-rights protections.

Overview

  • The Knesset, which passed the bill Tuesday by 65–41, restored state religious courts’ ability to arbitrate civil money disputes when all sides consent.
  • The law covers rabbinical and Sharia tribunals in civil matters and excludes criminal, administrative, personal‑status cases, the state as a party, child custody, and most employer‑led labor claims.
  • Consent must be in writing after a dispute arises, with signed forms, a check that consent was free, and no hearing or summons until every party signs.
  • Arbitration awards carry the force of court judgments and must honor protections in Israeli law, with appeals inside the rabbinical system and grounds to void rulings that violate those safeguards.
  • Supporters hail a faster voluntary option for those who want rulings based on religious law, and critics warn of pressure on women and promise repeal if they return to power.