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JWST Spots Sulfur in HR 8799 c, Strengthening Case for Core Accretion

High-contrast spectroscopy reveals a chemical fingerprint that points super-Jupiters to a planet-building origin rather than a brown-dwarf pathway.

Overview

  • The Nature Astronomy study reports a clear JWST detection of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of HR 8799 c.
  • The inner three giants in the system are uniformly enriched in heavy elements such as carbon, oxygen and sulfur relative to their star, signaling growth by accreting solids.
  • Researchers developed new data-extraction techniques and refined atmospheric models to isolate planetary spectra about 10,000 times fainter than the host star.
  • The results extend core accretion to very massive gas giants on wide orbits—five to ten Jupiter masses at roughly 15–70 AU—in the young (~30 Myr), 133 light-year-distant HR 8799 system.
  • The team highlights that this chemistry-based approach can be applied to other systems to refine planet-formation theories and probe the planet–brown-dwarf boundary.