Overview
- UN Security Council Resolution 2231 expired on October 18, and Iran has formally notified the Council of its termination.
- Iran, Russia and China jointly told the UN that all provisions under 2231 are now ended and that the Council has not acted to revive prior sanctions resolutions.
- Britain, France and Germany triggered the JCPOA snapback process in late August, a move Moscow, Beijing and Tehran dismiss as legally invalid.
- Iran says it will no longer observe remaining JCPOA commitments and maintains its nuclear rights, including enrichment and research.
- With the JCPOA framework receding, verification centers on NPT‑IAEA safeguards as analysts warn the loss of UN‑endorsed checks heightens regional risk.