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Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Shows Extreme Deuterium in Its Water, Signaling Deep-Freeze Origins

ALMA with an Arizona observatory separated heavy and ordinary water to deliver the first isotopic reading from an interstellar object.

Overview

  • University of Michigan researchers report in Nature Astronomy that 3I/ATLAS’s water is rich in deuterium based on coordinated observations with ALMA and the MDM Observatory.
  • The team measured a deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio about 30 times higher than in comets from our solar system and about 40 times higher than in Earth’s oceans.
  • The isotopic ratio points to formation at temperatures below roughly 30 kelvin in a low-radiation region such as a prestellar cloud or the far reaches of a protoplanetary disk.
  • 3I/ATLAS is only the third known interstellar visitor and showed intense activity, with ESA estimating daily water loss equal to about 70 Olympic swimming pools.
  • The findings show planetary systems can form under very different conditions and highlight the value of rapid, high-sensitivity follow-up while reinforcing calls to protect dark skies for future discoveries.