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Indian Inscriptions in Egypt’s Valley of the Kings Reveal 2,000-Year-Old Visits by Tamil and Other Travelers

An epigraphic survey records nearly 30 short texts inside six royal tombs, pointing to journeys far beyond Egypt’s Red Sea ports.

Overview

  • Researchers documented close to 30 inscriptions dated to the 1st–3rd centuries CE across six rock-cut tombs in the Theban Necropolis, including the tomb of Ramesses VI.
  • About 20 inscriptions are in Tamil-Brahmi, with others in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Gandhari-Kharosthi, indicating visitors from multiple regions of the Indian subcontinent.
  • The name “Cikai Korran” appears eight times across several tombs, including an inscription reading “Cikai Korran came and saw,” echoing contemporary Greek visitor graffiti.
  • The team interprets the texts as graffiti left by traders who traveled inland from Red Sea ports and likely spent extended periods in Egypt during the Roman era.
  • The findings were presented on February 11 at the International Conference on Tamil Epigraphy in Chennai, with further scholarly assessment of dating and context expected.