Overview
- In vivo CAR-T, detailed in a new review, programs a patient’s own T cells inside the body and avoids the slow, expensive lab manufacturing used in standard CAR-T care.
- Researchers outline two main delivery routes, with viral vectors giving long-lasting CAR expression for cancer and lipid nanoparticles carrying mRNA giving short-lived, controllable expression for autoimmune use.
- Early clinical readouts report responses in blood cancers and autoimmune disease with manageable safety, and the first solid-tumor programs are entering the pipeline.
- A separate Precision Clinical Medicine review describes a shift to a modular CAR platform that includes NK cells, γδ T cells, macrophages, and Tregs, with an early γδ T program (ADI-001) showing a 78% response rate without severe CRS or neurotoxicity.
- Both reviews highlight key hurdles that include precise T-cell targeting, limits on off-target expression, control of persistence, immune reactions to delivery vectors, and the need for clear rules and long-term safety tracking.