Overview
- Representatives approved the bill 218–213, with all Republicans and only Democrat Henry Cuellar voting yes, sending the measure to the Senate.
- The legislation would require in‑person documentary proof of U.S. citizenship to register for federal elections, mandate photo ID at the polls, and tighten mail‑ballot rules by requiring ID copies when requesting and returning ballots.
- The measure also expands data sharing to verify citizenship on voter rolls and authorizes potential Department of Homeland Security action if noncitizens are found on lists.
- Several Senate Republicans, including Lisa Murkowski, have raised federalism and timing concerns, and the bill lacks a clear path to the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster, with Democratic leaders declaring it dead on arrival.
- President Trump escalated pressure by asserting voter ID will be in place for the midterms regardless of congressional action, while voting‑rights groups and research cite millions lacking ready proof of citizenship and legal scholars argue Congress may not set nationwide voter qualifications.