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2mo ago

Helioseismology Study Finds Shifting Solar Interior Across Quiet Cycle Minima

Findings from BiSON's 40-year record single out the 2008–2009 deep minimum as a distinct internal state with value for forecasting.

The Sun in ultraviolet during two periods: a recent solar minimum, and the solar maximum that preceded it, as seen by the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory.
Taken in Nerja, Andalusia. South of Spain on Saturday 02/22/2025.
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Overview

  • Peer-reviewed analysis in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society reports measurable differences in the Sun’s interior between successive solar minima.
  • Using Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network observations spanning four decades, scientists compared minima in 1985, 1996, 2008–2009, and 2018–2019.
  • The 2008–2009 minimum showed the strongest helium “glitch” and faster outer-layer sound speeds, indicating slightly higher temperatures and pressures with weaker magnetic fields.
  • Researchers say these subtle shifts help explain why some following cycles develop differently and could refine space‑weather forecasts that protect satellites, communications, GPS, and power grids.
  • The team, led by Sarbani Basu and Bill Chaplin, stresses the need for continued long-term monitoring and plans to apply similar methods to Sun‑like stars with ESA’s upcoming PLATO mission.