Overview
- Grayscale’s research arm says blockchains should start migrating to post-quantum cryptography now because proven algorithms are available and already protect parts of the internet.
- Google Quantum AI estimates about 1,200 to 1,450 logical qubits could enable private‑key recovery, and reporting on the paper notes an attack needing fewer than 500,000 physical qubits could seize funds within a single confirmation window.
- XRP Ledger has tested ML‑DSA (CRYSTALS‑Dilithium) signatures on its AlphaNet and is trialing built‑in key rotation so validators can change keys without halting the network, while Solana is also experimenting with post‑quantum tools.
- Grayscale argues Bitcoin’s tougher hurdle is governance rather than code, pointing to roughly 6.9 million BTC with public keys already exposed and options such as burning those coins, leaving them untouched, or throttling spends that would require broad consent.
- Coverage highlights uneven risk across networks, with Ethereum researchers warning of multiple attack paths and at least a 10% chance of key recovery by 2032, and Grayscale cautions that any migration will take years and may add overhead like larger signatures and slower transactions.