Overview
- Google set a 2029 cutoff for migrating its authentication systems to quantum‑resistant cryptography and has begun shipping protections in Android 17, Chrome and Google Cloud.
- Ethereum advanced from research to execution with a new pq.ethereum.org hub, weekly cross‑client PQ Interop testnets and a phased roadmap that spans four future hard forks.
- Bitcoin has no unified migration plan as developers weigh proposals like BIP360 to help move older coins and Hourglass to restrict vulnerable outputs, with no broad agreement yet.
- The risk centers on signatures such as ECDSA, which a powerful quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm could break to derive private keys from public keys and steal exposed funds.
- Views on urgency diverge, with CoinShares estimating only about 10,200 BTC are concentrated enough in vulnerable addresses to jolt markets, while others push faster action and opt‑in tools like Solana’s hash‑based Winternitz Vault and Coinbase’s new expert advisory work.