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Giant Metal-Bearing Cloud Tied to Hidden Companion Explains Months-Long Dimming of Sun-Like Star

Gemini South spectra delivered the first direct map of internal gas motion in such a disk.

Overview

  • From September 2024 to May 2025, the Sun-like star J0705+0612 about 3,000 light-years away dimmed by a factor of roughly 40.
  • Observations show the star was occulted by a vast, slow-moving cloud of gas and dust about 200 million kilometers wide at a distance of roughly 2 billion kilometers.
  • The cloud is gravitationally bound to an unseen secondary object with at least a few Jupiter masses, with possibilities including a giant planet, a brown dwarf, or a very low-mass star.
  • High-resolution GHOST spectroscopy detected metals including iron and calcium and measured 3D gas velocities, revealing metallic winds moving separately from the host star.
  • Given the system’s age of more than two billion years and its infrared excess, the team favors a collision-origin scenario for the disk, and archival data hint at recurring events roughly every 44 years.