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Giant Exosatellite Found Orbiting Brown Dwarf in CD-35 2722 System

The discovery challenges planet-versus-moon categories and requires astrometric, imaging and Extremely Large Telescope observations to measure the object's true mass and orbit.

Overview

  • The team published their results on Wednesday, July 22, 2026, reporting evidence from radial-velocity monitoring taken between October 2023 and February 2026 that a brown dwarf in CD-35 2722 shows a 170-day wobble consistent with an orbiting companion.
  • The companion is huge by Solar System standards, with a minimum mass just under Jupiter and a host-to-satellite mass ratio of about 2.5 percent compared with the roughly 37-Jupiter-mass brown dwarf.
  • Authors label the object an 'exosatellite' rather than a confirmed exomoon because there is no agreed definition of exomoons and because the companion orbits a brown dwarf rather than a planet.
  • The detection used Doppler radial-velocity data from the VLT's CRIRES+ instrument and is, the team says, the first time this technique has produced evidence for a satellite around a brown dwarf; astrometry and direct imaging are needed to get the true mass and orbital inclination.
  • Beyond classification, the system raises formation questions because the companion's size and eccentric orbit may favor direct collapse over moon-like core accretion, and researchers plan follow-up observations and to apply the method to other targets as ELT-era capabilities come online.