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Giant Crocodylians Were Apex Predators in Miocene South American Wetlands

Bite‑mark analysis of museum fossils shows river‑scale crocodylians killed large herbivores and likely controlled wetland food webs.

Overview

  • A peer‑reviewed paper published in mid‑August 2026 presents physical bite and tooth marks on La Venta fossils that researchers link to active crocodylian attacks on large ungulates.
  • The study analyzed four bones from three megaherbivore species held in museum collections and found circular, bisected punctures and crushed bone concentrated on heads and jaws.
  • Researchers identify the likely attacker as Purussaurus neivensis, a caiman relative estimated at over 6 m long and near 1,800 kg, with tooth bite forces consistent with the largest punctures.
  • One specimen also bears parallel grooves attributed to the smaller terrestrial crocodylian Langstonia huilensis, which the team interprets as a separate scavenging event.
  • The findings support the idea that in the Pebas‑era wetlands large crocodylians, together with other reptile and bird predators, shaped megaherbivore populations and Miocene ecosystem structure.