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Genomes Pinpoint First Human-Biting Mosquito Lineage 2.9–1.6 Million Years Ago in Sundaland

Genetic clues from Southeast Asian malaria vectors point to a shift driven by abundant Homo erectus, providing independent evidence for early hominin dispersal.

Overview

  • The Scientific Reports study analyzed DNA from 38 mosquitoes across 11 Anopheles leucosphyrus species to reconstruct evolutionary history and host preference.
  • A single shift to feeding on hominins is inferred for this clade, with the transition dated between 2.9 and 1.6 million years ago in Sundaland.
  • The timing aligns with fossil-based estimates for Homo erectus in Southeast Asia around 1.8 million years ago, consistent with an odor-driven adaptation requiring large populations.
  • Researchers report the leucosphyrus group as the earliest known anthropophilic mosquito lineage, contrasting with other mosquitoes that adopted human feeding within the past ~10,000 years.
  • The findings revise later timelines proposed for African malaria vectors and highlight a biological proxy where Southeast Asian fossil records are sparse.