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Fed Study Finds Cards Dominate U.S. Noncash Payments and ACH Carries Most Value

The 2025 triennial findings show entrenched use of card rails and ACH with no measurable stablecoin or crypto retail payments.

Overview

  • The Federal Reserve’s initial 2025 triennial payments study reports 236.6 billion noncash transactions in 2024, more than triple the total since 2000.
  • Cards made over three quarters of noncash payments by count in 2024, while debit cards remained the largest share of card use and credit card transactions grew faster than debit.
  • The ACH network accounted for almost three quarters of noncash payments by value, handling large transfers such as payroll and bill payments that drive total dollar volume.
  • Check payments and ATM cash withdrawals continued their long-term decline in both number and value, even as the average value per check and per ATM withdrawal rose.
  • Despite stablecoins exceeding $300 billion in market value and the GENIUS Act creating a payment-stablecoin framework in July 2025, the Fed’s dataset shows stablecoin and other crypto retail payments at effectively zero, a gap that matters for investors and startups building alternatives to card and ACH rails and that the Fed says it will examine in more detail in upcoming analysis.