Overview
- Summit conclusions kept the diplomats’ draft intact, asking capitals to proceed toward a 2040 framework while stopping short of a formal endorsement.
- Leaders demanded a revision clause tied to science, technology and competitiveness, plus “enabling conditions” to support industry and households.
- Text signals safeguards on land‑sector shortfalls so heavier cuts are not shifted onto other sectors, with some diplomats reading scope to slow the new carbon price for transport and heating fuels.
- Von der Leyen’s concessions include an early review of the 2035 combustion‑engine ban, exploring biofuels and e‑fuels, adjustments to the upcoming transport fuels carbon market, exemptions for small farmers under the anti‑deforestation law, and work on a tougher carbon border levy.
- Countries such as Poland pushed for more flexibility and greater use of international carbon credits beyond the Commission’s earlier 3% notion, with leaders inviting an “adequate level” of credits as part of a potential deal.