Overview
- Distributed denial-of-service attacks accounted for 77% of recorded cases, with most attributed to hacktivist groups.
- Ransomware delivered the greatest economic and operational damage, particularly when systems could not be restored from backups.
- Recent disruptions included ransomware-linked IT outages at airports such as Berlin Brandenburg (BER) and London Heathrow.
- Public administration was the most targeted sector at 38.2%, followed by transport (7.5%), digital infrastructure and services (4.8%), finance (4.5%), and industry (2.9%).
- ENISA Director Juhan Lepassaar warned that growing dependence on digital systems allows local failures to ripple across supply chains.