Overview
- Most penalties stemmed from pyrotechnic offenses, with the total close to last season’s nearly €12.5 million.
- 1. FC Köln paid the most at €924,355, Eintracht Frankfurt led the Bundesliga with €764,600, HSV was third overall with €623,555, and Dynamo Dresden topped the 3. Liga with €428,460.
- Sanctions in the 3. Liga climbed to roughly €2.238 million as Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga fines fell by more than €1 million, while Viktoria Köln and Hannover 96 II incurred none.
- After clubs allocated portions to prevention programs, just over €8 million reached the DFB, and about €6 million was passed on to football foundations.
- Fan groups and club leaders, including Unsere Kurve’s Jost Peter and Schalke CEO Matthias Tillmann, argue the model is ineffective and urge trials of controlled or “cold” pyrotechnic options.