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Chinese Team Realizes Einstein’s 1927 Thought Experiment, Upholding Bohr’s Complementarity

A single trapped atom acted as a movable slit, letting researchers tune recoil to make interference vanish or reappear.

Overview

  • Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China, led by Pan Jianwei with Chao‑Yang Lu, report the experiment in Physical Review Letters.
  • The apparatus used a laser‑cooled rubidium atom as a single‑atom interferometer sensitive enough to detect the recoil from a lone photon.
  • Loose confinement revealed which‑path information and erased the interference pattern, while tight confinement obscured the path and restored interference, matching Bohr’s prediction.
  • By tuning the atom’s momentum uncertainty, the team observed an intermediate regime with partial which‑way information and correspondingly blurred fringes, consistent with quantum theory.
  • Reviewers praised the work as a textbook realisation of the century‑old proposal, and researchers highlight its promise for studies of decoherence and entanglement with potential applications in qubits, sensing and communications.