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Cell Study Finds Most Pandemic Viruses Show No Pre-Spillover Adaptation

Validated genomic signatures show selection shifts arise after sustained human spread, highlighting one historical exception.

Overview

  • UC San Diego researchers analyzed genomes from influenza A, Ebola, Marburg, mpox, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and found pre-outbreak selection resembled routine circulation in animal reservoirs.
  • The authors report no evolutionary evidence that SARS-CoV-2 was shaped by laboratory selection or by prolonged evolution in an intermediate host before its emergence.
  • The team applied a genome-wide phylogenetic framework that tracks changes in selection intensity, confirming its accuracy with viruses adapted in cell culture or laboratory animals that show distinct signatures.
  • The 1977 reemergence of H1N1 influenza displayed minimal divergence from 1950s strains and lab-like selection patterns, which the authors say supports a long-suspected laboratory link.
  • The study proposes this framework as a benchmark for outbreak forensics, surveillance and preparedness, and notes funding from NIH-NIAID and NSF along with author disclosure of consulting and expert testimony.