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Astronomers Reconstruct NGC 1365’s 12-Billion-Year Past With Extragalactic Archaeology

The team matched oxygen maps of the galaxy’s gas to thousands of simulations to turn chemical patterns into a testable growth history.

Overview

  • The Center for Astrophysics team, whose peer-reviewed study appeared in Nature Astronomy on Monday, reports the first detailed chemical archaeology of a galaxy beyond the Milky Way.
  • Their reconstruction finds an early, oxygen-rich core, an outer disk built through many dwarf-galaxy mergers, and spiral arms that formed within the last few billion years.
  • Using the TYPHOON survey on the Irénée du Pont telescope, they mapped oxygen across 4,546 regions at about 175 parsecs in the face-on spiral NGC 1365.
  • Oxygen works as a clear tracer because massive stars make it quickly and seed nearby gas, so its pattern marks where star formation rose and fell across the galaxy.
  • The team searched roughly 20,000 IllustrisTNG galaxies to find a close match that supports current formation models, and they aim to apply the method to nearby targets such as Andromeda where the needed detail is possible.