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Arctic Warming Linked to Earthquake-Triggered Rock Avalanche on Jan Mayen

Permafrost thaw over decades likely reduced rock cohesion, making seismic shaking trigger a slide that buried glacier ice.

Overview

  • A magnitude 6.5 earthquake on March 10, 2025 shook Jan Mayen and within minutes triggered a large rock avalanche that spread roughly 1.3 million cubic yards of debris across 30–50% of the Kjerulf Glacier.
  • The same event caused rapid calving at the nearby Weyprecht Glacier, a sequence the authors reconstructed using local and regional seismic records, infrasound, GNSS displacement, high-resolution satellite imagery, and ground-shaking models.
  • Researchers report that satellite imagery spanning about 40 years shows no prior event of comparable scale at Jan Mayen, making this the first documented earthquake-triggered rock avalanche on the island.
  • The paper’s authors conclude that long-term Arctic warming and permafrost degradation likely weakened ice that once bound rock fractures, which increased the slope’s susceptibility to failure when shaken.
  • Although Jan Mayen is sparsely inhabited, the study warns that the same chain of processes could raise cascading-hazard risks for populated Arctic and high-mountain regions where thawing permafrost, steep slopes, and seismic activity coincide.