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AI Simulations Reconstruct Likely Rules of Roman-Era Board Game

Simulated play that reproduces the slab’s uneven wear points to a four‑versus‑two blocking mechanic, a result the authors frame as tentative.

Overview

  • Leiden University archaeologist Walter Crist and colleagues report in Antiquity that the Ludii system tested thousands of rule sets to see which best matched the stone’s wear patterns.
  • The reconstructed play suggests a blocking game in which one player places four pieces against an opponent’s two, with victory going to the player who avoids being trapped the longest.
  • The limestone piece, about 20 centimeters across, was found in Heerlen atop the Roman town of Coriovallum and is displayed at a local museum.
  • The team has made the reconstructed game, dubbed Ludus Coriovalli, available to play online against a computer.
  • Specialists praise the methodological advance but note that the board’s context is unknown and there are no associated pieces or textual references, so the interpretation remains provisional.